Cosmos 交易 - Injective Docs

Injective 上的每笔交易都遵循相同的流程。该流程包含三个步骤：准备、签名和广播交易。让我们分别深入每个步骤，详细解释整个过程（包括示例），以便理解完整的交易流程。

准备交易

首先，我们需要准备交易以进行签名。此时你不能使用一些在线抽象来根据提供的消息和签名者快速准备交易（例如使用 @cosmjs/stargate 包）。原因是这些包不支持 Injective 的 publicKey typeUrl，所以我们必须在客户端进行地址准备。为了解决这个问题，我们在 @injectivelabs/sdk-ts 包中提供了可以准备 txRaw 交易的函数。txRaw 是 Cosmos 中使用的交易接口，包含有关交易和签名者本身的详细信息。从 cosmos 钱包获取私钥通常是通过获取 chainId 的当前密钥并从中访问 pubKey 来完成的（例如：const key = await window.keplr.getKey(chainId) => const pubKey = key.publicKey）。

import {
  MsgSend,
} from "@injectivelabs/sdk-ts/core/modules";
import {
  BaseAccount,
} from "@injectivelabs/sdk-ts/core/accounts";
import {
  createTransaction,
} from "@injectivelabs/sdk-ts/core/tx";
import { toBigNumber, toChainFormat } from "@injectivelabs/utils";
import {
  ChainRestAuthApi,
  ChainRestTendermintApi,
} from "@injectivelabs/sdk-ts/client/chain";
import { getStdFee, DEFAULT_BLOCK_TIMEOUT_HEIGHT } from "@injectivelabs/utils";

(async () => {
  const injectiveAddress = "inj1";
  const chainId = "injective-1"; /* ChainId.Mainnet */
  const restEndpoint =
    "https://sentry.lcd.injective.network"; /* getNetworkEndpoints(Network.MainnetSentry).rest */
  const amount = {
    denom: "inj",
    amount: toChainFormat(0.01).toFixed(),
  };

  /** 账户详情 **/
  const chainRestAuthApi = new ChainRestAuthApi(restEndpoint);
  const accountDetailsResponse = await chainRestAuthApi.fetchAccount(
    injectiveAddress
  );
  const baseAccount = BaseAccount.fromRestApi(accountDetailsResponse);

  /** 区块详情 */
  const chainRestTendermintApi = new ChainRestTendermintApi(restEndpoint);
  const latestBlock = await chainRestTendermintApi.fetchLatestBlock();
  const latestHeight = latestBlock.header.height;
  const timeoutHeight = toBigNumber(latestHeight).plus(
    DEFAULT_BLOCK_TIMEOUT_HEIGHT
  );

  /** 准备交易 */
  const msg = MsgSend.fromJSON({
    amount,
    srcInjectiveAddress: injectiveAddress,
    dstInjectiveAddress: injectiveAddress,
  });

  /** 从钱包/私钥获取签名者的 PubKey */
  const pubKey = await getPubKey();

  /** 准备交易 **/
  const { txRaw, signDoc } = createTransaction({
    pubKey,
    chainId,
    fee: getStdFee({}),
    message: msg,
    sequence: baseAccount.sequence,
    timeoutHeight: timeoutHeight.toNumber(),
    accountNumber: baseAccount.accountNumber,
  });
})();

签名交易

准备好交易后，我们继续进行签名。从上一步获取 txRaw 交易后，使用任何 Cosmos 原生钱包进行签名（例如：Keplr）。

import { ChainId } from '@injectivelabs/ts-types'
import { SignDoc } from '@keplr-wallet/types'

const getKeplr = async (chainId: string) => {
  await window.keplr.enable(chainId);

  const offlineSigner = window.keplr.getOfflineSigner(chainId);
  const accounts = await offlineSigner.getAccounts();
  const key = await window.keplr.getKey(chainId);

  return { offlineSigner, accounts, key }
}

const { offlineSigner } = await getKeplr(ChainId.Mainnet)

/* 签名交易 */
const address = 'inj1...'
const signDoc = /* 来自上一步 */
const directSignResponse = await offlineSigner.signDirect(address, signDoc as SignDoc)

你也可以使用我们的 @injectivelabs/wallet-strategy 包来获取开箱即用的钱包提供者，它们提供了可用于签名交易的抽象方法。请参阅该包的文档，设置和使用都很简单。这是推荐的方式，因为你可以在 dApp 中使用多个钱包。WalletStrategy 提供的不仅仅是签名交易的抽象。

广播交易

签名准备好后，我们需要将交易广播到 Injective 链本身。从第二步获取签名后，我们需要将其包含在已签名的交易中并广播到链上。

import { ChainId } from '@injectivelabs/ts-types'
import {
  TxRestApi,
  CosmosTxV1Beta1Tx,
  BroadcastModeKeplr,
  getTxRawFromTxRawOrDirectSignResponse,
  TxRaw,
} from '@injectivelabs/sdk-ts/core/tx'
import { TransactionException } from '@injectivelabs/exceptions'

/**
 * 重要说明：
 * 如果我们使用 Keplr/Leap 钱包
 * 签名交易后我们会得到一个 `directSignResponse`，
 * 我们不是将签名添加到使用 `createTransaction` 函数创建的 `txRaw`，
 * 而是需要将 `directSignResponse` 中的签名附加到
 * 实际签名的交易（即 `directSignResponse.signed`），
 * 原因是用户可以对原始交易进行一些更改（即更改 gas limit 或 gas prices），
 * 被签名的交易和被广播的交易不是同一个。
 */
const directSignResponse = /* 来自上面的第二步 */;
const txRaw = getTxRawFromTxRawOrDirectSignResponse(directSignResponse)

const broadcastTx = async (chainId: String, txRaw: TxRaw) => {
  const getKeplr = async (chainId: string) => {
    await window.keplr.enable(chainId);

    return window.keplr
  }

  const keplr = await getKeplr(ChainId.Mainnet)
  const result = await keplr.sendTx(
    chainId,
    CosmosTxV1Beta1Tx.TxRaw.encode(txRaw).finish(),
    BroadcastModeKeplr.Sync,
  )

  if (!result || result.length === 0) {
    throw new TransactionException(
      new Error('Transaction failed to be broadcasted'),
      { contextModule: 'Keplr' },
    )
  }

  return Buffer.from(result).toString('hex')
}

const txHash = await broadcastTx(ChainId.Mainnet, txRaw)

/**
 * 获取 txHash 后，因为我们使用 Sync 模式，
 * 我们不确定交易是否已包含在区块中，
 * 它可能仍在 mempool 中，所以我们需要查询
 * 链以查看交易何时被包含
 */
const restEndpoint = 'https://sentry.lcd.injective.network' /* getNetworkEndpoints(Network.MainnetSentry).rest */
const txRestApi = new TxRestApi(restEndpoint)

 /** 这将轮询查询交易并等待其包含在区块中 */
const response = await txRestApi.fetchTxPoll(txHash)

示例（准备 + 签名 + 广播）

让我们看看完整的流程（使用 Keplr 作为签名钱包）

import {
  MsgSend,
} from "@injectivelabs/sdk-ts/core/modules";
import {
  BaseAccount,
} from "@injectivelabs/sdk-ts/core/accounts";
import { ChainId } from "@injectivelabs/ts-types";
import { SignDoc } from "@keplr-wallet/types";
import { toBigNumber, toChainFormat } from "@injectivelabs/utils";
import { TransactionException } from "@injectivelabs/exceptions";
import {
  ChainRestAuthApi,
  ChainRestTendermintApi,
} from "@injectivelabs/sdk-ts/client/chain";
import { getStdFee, DEFAULT_BLOCK_TIMEOUT_HEIGHT } from "@injectivelabs/utils";
import {
  TxRaw,
  TxRestApi,
  createTransaction,
  CosmosTxV1Beta1Tx,
  BroadcastModeKeplr,
  getTxRawFromTxRawOrDirectSignResponse,
} from "@injectivelabs/sdk-ts/core/tx";

const getKeplr = async (chainId: string) => {
  await window.keplr.enable(chainId);

  const offlineSigner = window.keplr.getOfflineSigner(chainId);
  const accounts = await offlineSigner.getAccounts();
  const key = await window.keplr.getKey(chainId);

  return { offlineSigner, accounts, key };
};

const broadcastTx = async (chainId: string, txRaw: TxRaw) => {
  const keplr = await getKeplr(ChainId.Mainnet);
  const result = await keplr.sendTx(
    chainId,
    CosmosTxV1Beta1Tx.TxRaw.encode(txRaw).finish(),
    BroadcastModeKeplr.Sync
  );

  if (!result || result.length === 0) {
    throw new TransactionException(
      new Error("Transaction failed to be broadcasted"),
      { contextModule: "Keplr" }
    );
  }

  return Buffer.from(result).toString("hex");
};

(async () => {
  const chainId = "injective-1"; /* ChainId.Mainnet */
  const { key, offlineSigner } = await getKeplr(chainId);
  const pubKey = Buffer.from(key.pubKey).toString("base64");
  const injectiveAddress = key.bech32Address;
  const restEndpoint =
    "https://sentry.lcd.injective.network"; /* getNetworkEndpoints(Network.MainnetSentry).rest */
  const amount = {
    denom: "inj",
    amount: toChainFormat(0.01).toFixed(),
  };

  /** 账户详情 **/
  const chainRestAuthApi = new ChainRestAuthApi(restEndpoint);
  const accountDetailsResponse = await chainRestAuthApi.fetchAccount(
    injectiveAddress
  );
  const baseAccount = BaseAccount.fromRestApi(accountDetailsResponse);

  /** 区块详情 */
  const chainRestTendermintApi = new ChainRestTendermintApi(restEndpoint);
  const latestBlock = await chainRestTendermintApi.fetchLatestBlock();
  const latestHeight = latestBlock.header.height;
  const timeoutHeight = toBigNumber(latestHeight).plus(
    DEFAULT_BLOCK_TIMEOUT_HEIGHT
  );

  /** 准备交易 */
  const msg = MsgSend.fromJSON({
    amount,
    srcInjectiveAddress: injectiveAddress,
    dstInjectiveAddress: injectiveAddress,
  });

  /** 准备交易 **/
  const { signDoc } = createTransaction({
    pubKey,
    chainId,
    fee: getStdFee({}),
    message: msg,
    sequence: baseAccount.sequence,
    timeoutHeight: timeoutHeight.toNumber(),
    accountNumber: baseAccount.accountNumber,
  });

  const directSignResponse = await offlineSigner.signDirect(
    injectiveAddress,
    signDoc as SignDoc
  );
  const txRaw = getTxRawFromTxRawOrDirectSignResponse(directSignResponse);
  const txHash = await broadcastTx(ChainId.Mainnet, txRaw);
  const response = await new TxRestApi(restEndpoint).fetchTxPoll(txHash);

  console.log(response);
})();

使用 WalletStrategy 的示例（准备 + 签名 + 广播）

示例可以在 wallet-core 包中找到。

INJECTIVE

​准备交易

​签名交易

​广播交易

​示例（准备 + 签名 + 广播）

​使用 WalletStrategy 的示例（准备 + 签名 + 广播）

准备交易

签名交易

广播交易

示例（准备 + 签名 + 广播）

使用 WalletStrategy 的示例（准备 + 签名 + 广播）